Internal and External Conflicts in The Picture of Dorian Gray - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 778 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/05/15 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay Did you like this example? The novel The Picture of Dorian Gray written by Oscar Wilde during the late 1800s is a story that follows the life of Dorian Gray who is described as a young man of extraordinary personal beauty (Wilde 3). Over the course of the plot, Gray struggles with internal and external conflicts that are coincidentally connected. As the main character has difficulties overcoming his vanity, he experiences paranoia and trust issues, which lead up to a dramatic and suspenseful death. When Dorian Gray was first introduced, there was a sense of elegance and sophistication revolving around his character. The reputation that follows the young man is a mysterious one, where people are always questioning his radiance and beauty. The praise he receives for his looks contribute to his overall vanity, and diminishes any morals he had. I shall stay with the real Dorian (Wilde 29). This is just a small example of the ways the people around him shaped the impressionable Dorians mindset. The actions of others around him created a internal darkness that would lead to obsession over ones outer shell. In chapter seven, Dorian speaks with stabbing words towards his fiance in which he ends up leaving. Without your art, you are nothing What are you now? A third-rate actress with a pretty face? (Wilde 84). His cold words begin to initiate the changing of his portrait. Dorian showed not a single ounce of sympathy for Sybil that night. He tore her heart apart because of his lack of m oral compassion, and his need to be superior over others. It will mock me someday- mock me horribly (Wilde 27) will foreshadow a consuming obsession to remain youthful forever. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Internal and External Conflicts in The Picture of Dorian Gray" essay for you Create order As the portrait of Dorian was locked away in chapter ten, the eternal youth began to struggle with paranoia and trust issues. He even begins to question his servant Victor. When his servant entered, he looked at him steadfastly and wondered if he had thought of peering behind the screen (Wilde 113). The portrait was beginning to take over his thought process, so much that he had trouble trusting the people who were helping him. It is at this point in the book where the weight is beginning to pile onto him. In chapter thirteen a major shock arose from the lines of the book. It was all downhill for Dorian the moment the knife touched innocent Basils skin. Basils presence will always linger from this point on. The enchanting Dorian also experiences extreme paranoia after the aggressive confrontation with James Vane in chapter sixteen. The brother of Dorians ex-lover attacks him while walking late at night. The mask of youth had saved him (Wilde 192). Dorian uses his appearance as an exc use to get out of taking responsibility for Sybils suicide. Before we gain the knowledge of James Vanes death, Dorian fears for his life. then a thrill of terror ran through him when he remembered that, pressed against the window of the conservatory, like a white handkerchief, he had seen the face of James Vane watching him (Wilde 191). It is as if the guilt of his destruction is finally catching up to him. The overall main conflict in this book is the self consciousness that Dorian experiences. He is so utterly consumed by his looks that he fails to realize his real problem. At the end of the day, the painting helped to emphasize that your appearance isnt everything. You could be the most beautiful person in the world, and still have the ugliest heart. Thats something that Dorian seems to get caught up on. The other characters certainly help by constantly praising his perfect looks. Dorian did not necessarily come to terms with the conflicts in the plot, but rather gives up and fails trying to reverse his unforgivable acts. It is apparent that he regretted the wish he made, but rather than living with his punishments he acts out violently one last time. As it killed the painter, so it would kill the painters work It would kill the past, and when that was dead, he would be free (Wilde 213). He truly believed his actions could be undone and forgotten by simply disposing of the portrait. This was not the case because the portrait was a reflection of his soul. Dorians death was almost unavoidable. Dorian was no longer strong enough to handle the stress put on him by the portrait, so he attempts to destroy it. Lying on the floor was a dead man, in evening dress, with a knife in his heart (Wilde 214). The once always gazed upon man died trying to reverse his sins. The not-so-happy ending is how Dorian manages to resolve his internal and external problems.

Climate Change Refugees - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 704 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/12 Category Ecology Essay Tags: Climate Change Essay Refugee Essay Did you like this example? Environmental refugees: The dawn of the 21st century has brought about many climatic calamities. The most significant is climate change with all its relative environmental and social issues. It is confirmed that climate change will inevitably cause critical rises in sea levels due to global warming and melting polar ice caps, unpredictable and extreme climatic trends and dramatically decreased habitability of some sovereign lands for examples hurricanes, floods and volcanoes etc. There is a risk that carry-on effects will continue displace regions and further degrade the environment, post-mitigation. Residents of these nations can be temporarily or permanently displaced from their homeland. These environmentally displaced persons would be nominally known as environmental refugees. Currently, the concept of an environmental refugee is not officially acknowledged throughout the world. This is proved the fact that no international legal consensus has seriously considered the existence of ‘environmental refugees‘. Mr. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Climate Change Refugees" essay for you Create order Essam El-Hinnawi in a report named Environmental Refugees1firstly defined environmental refugees as â€Å"those people who have been forced to leave their traditional habitat temporarily or permanently, because of a marked environmental disruption†¦ that jeopardized their existence and or seriously affected the quality of their life† These environmental refugees arises many issues. Firstly, It regards to definition of â€Å"environmental refugees† since it would be abused if there is no clear and official definition. Secondly, it is question about immigration to new host nations. Who will be responsible to help these people? There is a call for setting up new convention or alternatively amending the pre-existing convention to protect environmental refugees. Last but not least, It is about the feasibility that these environmental displaced persons persist maintaining their nation’s sovereignty after building up new life in the new nations. Moreover, to what extent the cultural heritage and national identity of these displaced persons is recognized once after immigration. Climate change Refugees: The dawn of the 21st century has brought about many climatic calamities. The most significant is climate change with all its relative environmental and social issues. It is confirmed that climate change will inevitably cause critical rises in sea levels due to global warming and melting polar ice caps. It is acknowledged that by 2080 the flood risk for people living on small island states will be on average 200 times larger than if there had been no global warming, and the risk will be increased if the melting of continental ice sheets continues at present rates. Residents of these nations can be permanently displaced from their homeland. These environmentally displaced persons would be known as climate change. There are many arising issues with respect to the climate change refugees. Firstly, it is an possibility to abuse this term to illegally immigrate into new countries. Secondly, it is question about immigration to new host nations. Who will be responsible to help these people? There is a call for setting up new convention or alternatively amending the pre-existing convention to protect environmental refugees. Finally, It is about the feasibility that these environmental displaced persons persist maintaining their nation’s sovereignty after building up new life in the new nations. Moreover, to what extent the cultural heritage and national identity of these displaced persons is recognized once after immigration. . The questionable issues leading to our confusion would be stated as following: . |Environmental Refugees |Climate change Refugees | |The scale of issue with respect to project’s boundary: | |Big, broad and difficult since there is no clear and recognized |Fairly simple since this topic has been officially mentioned and | |definition of this term. However, we are interested at this |discussed in formal meetings and summits throughout the world | |challenging issue | | |Definition | |The displaced persons are due to environmental disaster including|It is clearly stated that the displaced persons are due to | |climate change and other impacts namely hurricanes or |climate change most likely focusing on sea level rising. |volcanoes(again, these disasters are not directly caused by human| | |activity like climate change but it is debatable that humans are | | |partially responsible for these Acts of God in term of frequency | | |and intensity) | | |Status of these refugees | | |Permanently displaced from their homeland that would sink down to|temporarily left their homeland and maybe can comeback after the | |ocean forever. |disasters in short or long time |

Competir Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

The Spanish verb competir is a cognate of the English compete and typically has the same meaning. In some contexts, it is better translated as to compare with, to rival, or to fight for. Below youll find tables with the complete conjugation of competir.   How to Conjugate Competir in Spanish? Competir is a stem-changing verb, in this case meaning that in some situations the e in the stem becomes an i. The stem always changes when the second syllable is stressed. For example, I compete is compito instead of the regular competo. This change  based on stress occurs in most of the indicative present, all of the subjunctive (present and preterite), and most of the imperative (or command) forms. Additionally, the compet- stem becomes compit- in the third-person indicative preterite and the gerund, even though the change occurs in an unstressed syllable. All these forms are shown below, along with the forms that follow the regular pattern for -ir verbs—the imperfect indicative, future indicative, and the conditional indicative. The past participle also is regular. About two dozen verbs follow this pattern. Among the most common are impedir (to prevent), repetir (to repeat), servir (to serve), and vestir (to dress). Competir Present Indicative Possible translations for the Spanish present tense include, in addition to compete, variations such as is competing and does compete. Yo compito I compete Yo compito por mi pas. T compites You compete T compites en el campeonato de Uruguay. Usted/l/ella compite You/he/she competes Ella compite por increbles premios. Nosotros competimos We compete Nosotros competimos para ser los mejores. Vosotros compets You compete Vosotras compets con otras mujeres. Ustedes/ellos/ellas compiten You/they compete Ellos compiten en la Copa Mundial. Competir Preterite The preterite (sometimes spelled preterit) is the equivalent of the simple past tense in English. It refers to actions that were completed at a definite time. Yo compet I competed Yo compet por mi pas. T competiste You competed T competiste en el campeonato de Uruguay. Usted/l/ella compiti You/he/she competed Ella compiti por increbles premios. Nosotros competimos We competed Nosotros competimos para ser los mejores. Vosotros competisteis You competed Vosotras competisteis con otras mujeres. Ustedes/ellos/ellas compitieron You/they competed Ellos compitieron en la Copa Mundial. Imperfect Indicative Form of Competir The imperfect tense is used for past actions that arent seen as being complete at a definite time. Common translations are was/were verb -ing and used to verb. Yo competa I was competing Yo competa por mi pas. T competas You were competing T competas en el campeonato de Uruguay. Usted/l/ella competa You/he/she was competing Ella competa por increbles premios. Nosotros competamos We were competing Nosotros competamos para ser los mejores. Vosotros competais You were competing Vosotras competais con otras mujeres. Ustedes/ellos/ellas competan You/they were competing Ellos competan en la Copa Mundial. Competir Future Tense As in English, the future tense of Spanish verbs can be used not only for future actions but also as a type of extremely emphatic command. Thus, for example, competirà ¡s can be not just a statement of fact about future competing but also as a way of forcefully telling someone to compete. Yo competir I will compete Yo competir por mi pas. T competirs You will compete T competirs en el campeonato de Uruguay. Usted/l/ella competir You/he/she will compete Ella competir por increbles premios. Nosotros competiremos We will compete Nosotros competiremos para ser los mejores. Vosotros competiris You will compete Vosotras competiris con otras mujeres. Ustedes/ellos/ellas competirn You/they will compete Ellos competirn en la Copa Mundial. Periphrastic Future of Competir The periphrastic future in Spanish is the equivalent of the going to verb future construction in English. It is less formal than the standard future tense. Yo voy a competir I am going to compete Yo voy a competir por mi pas. T vas a competir You are going to compete T vas a competir en el campeonato de Uruguay. Usted/l/ella va a competir You/he/she is going to compete Ella va a competir por increbles premios. Nosotros vamos a competir We are going to compete Nosotros vamos a competir para ser los mejores. Vosotros vais a competir You are going to compete Vosotras vais a competir con otras mujeres. Ustedes/ellos/ellas van a competir You/they are going to compete Ellos van a competir en la Copa Mundial. Competir Conditional Indicative Yo competira I would compete Yo competira por mi pas, pero no tengo el puntaje necesario. T competiras You would compete T competiras en el campeonato de Uruguay si no estuvieras enferma. Usted/l/ella competira You/he/she would compete Ella competira por increbles premios si estuviera en el concurso. Nosotros competiramos We would compete Nosotros competiramos para ser los mejores, pero no tenemos rivales. Vosotros competirais You would compete Vosotras competirais con otras mujeres si hubieran ms equipos. Ustedes/ellos/ellas competiran You/they would compete Ellos competiran en la Copa Mundial, pero no clasificaron. Competir Present Progressive/Gerund Form The Spanish gerund is much like the -ing verb form in English. It can be used with estar in forming the progressive or continuous tenses. Gerund of Competir:  compitiendo  (competing) Ella està ¡ compitiendo por increà ­bles premios.   Past Participle of Competir Past participles are used with haber in forming the perfect tenses. Participle of  Competir:  competido  (competed) Ella ha competido por increà ­bles premios. Present Subjunctive of Competir The subjunctive mood is used considerably more in Spanish than in English. It can be used in dependent clauses, often to indicate reactions to or specify causes for the stated action. Que yo compita That I compete El gobierno demanda que yo compita por mi pas. Que t compitas That you compete Es buena idea que t compitas en el campeonato de Uruguay. Que usted/l/ella compita That you/he/she compete Antonio quiere que ella compita por increbles premios. Que nosotros compitamos That we compete Es importante que nosotros compitamos para ser los mejores. Que vosotros compitis That you compete Estamos felices de que vosotras compitis con otras mujeres. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas compitan That you/they compete Me alegra que ellos compitan en la Copa Mundial. Competir Imperfect Subjunctive The two choices below are used in the same way, although the first is more common. Option 1 Que yo compitiera That I competed El gobierno demandaba que yo compitiera por mi pas. Que t compitieras That you competed Era buena idea que t compitieras en el campeonato de Uruguay. Que usted/l/ella compitiera That you/he/she competed Antonio quera que ella compitiera por increbles premios. Que nosotros compitiramos That we competed Era importante que nosotros compitiramos para ser los mejores. Que vosotros compitierais That you competed Estbamos felices de que vosotras compitierais con otras mujeres. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas compitieran That you/they competed Me alegraba que ellos compitieran en la Copa Mundial. Option 2 Que yo compitiese That I competed El gobierno demandaba que yo compitiese por mi pas. Que t compitieses That you competed Era buena idea que t compitieses en el campeonato de Uruguay. Que usted/l/ella compitiese That you/he/she competed Antonio quera que ella compitiese por increbles premios. Que nosotros compitisemos That we competed Era importante que nosotros compitisemos para ser los mejores. Que vosotros compitieseis That you competed Estbamos felices de que vosotras compitieseis con otras mujeres. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas compitiesen That you/they competed Me alegraba que ellos compitiesen en la Copa Mundial. Imperative Forms of Competir The imperative mood is used for direct commands. Imperative (Positive Command) T compite Compete! Compite en el campeonato de Uruguay! Usted compita Compete! Compita por los increbles premios! Nosotros compitamos Lets compete! Compitamos para ser los mejores! Vosotros competid Compete! Competid con otras mujeres! Ustedes compitan Compete! Compitan en la Copa Mundial! Imperative (Negative Command) T no compitas Dont compete! No compitas en el campeonato de Uruguay! Usted no compita Dont compete! No compita por los increbles premios! Nosotros no compitamos Lets not compete! No compitamos para ser los mejores! Vosotros no compitis Dont compete! No compitis con otras mujeres! Ustedes no compitan Dont compete! No compitan en la Copa Mundial!

An Integral Theory Of Consciousness Essay - 1696 Words

An Integral Theory of Consciousness and RR Ken Wilber (1997) reviewed various dimensions of the theories of consciousness in existing literature and proposes an integral theory that will incorporate most of the prominent existing theories. The theory Wilber proposes is an ‘Integral Theory of Consciousness’. Specifically, he reviews the cognitive science outlooks: introspectionism; neuropsychology; individual psychotherapy; social psychology; clinical psychiatry; developmental psychology; problematic medicine views, nonordinary states of consciousness view; eastern and contemplative tradition; quantum consciousness; subtle energies point of views on the consciousness state and functions. After the review, Wilber comes to the conclusion that, â€Å"The interior dimensions of the human being seem to be composed of a spectrum of consciousness† (p. 10). The spectrum, in this instance, defines conditions or values that vary infinitely within a continuum. In other words, there is a kind of indefinite transformation, in terms of quality and volume of information between the initial state and the goal state – within the domain of consciousness. This conclusion by Wilbur has implication on the complexity of the RR processes, as described by Vervaeke (2012). Furthermore, Vervaeke even described the initial and the goal state as sometimes unknown within the system (Vervaeke, 2016). The important finding here is that the discovery of the Wilber agrees with the complexity feature of theShow MoreRelatedEXAMPLE Apply Theory To A Practice Prob2047 Words   |  6 PagesApplication of Theory to the Practice Problem of Nurse Staffing Marialena Murphy Grand Canyon University August 10, 2011 Application of Theory to the Practice Problem of Nurse Staffing Nursing theory influences the practice of nursing in a multitude of ways that can have a profound impact. 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The Scarlet Letter Passage Explication Free Essays

Honors American Lit. B Kathryn Durga The Scarlet Letter: The Child at Brook-side3/22/13 In this passage Dimmesdale is speaking about Pearl standing on the other side of the stream refusing to go to him and Hester. The contrast between Pearl standing on the opposite side as them parallels the contrast in their lives. We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter: Passage Explication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hester, now not wearing the scarlet letter, and Dimmesdale are concealing their relationship and their sin in the forest, representing a world of secrecy. Pearl, however, is representing a world of truth by refusing to join them until Hester once again wears the ‘A’, which throughout the book has been Hester’s truth. The two separate worlds that they’re a part of cannot come together until they change; Dimmesdale wants Pearl to be the one to change by joining them in their new plan to escape to Europe and by joining them in their lie. Pearl however refuses to be with them until they join her in her truth. This is exemplified by Pearl not going to her mother until she wears the ‘A’ and by Pearl rejecting Dimmesdale. Pearl washes off Dimmesdale’s kiss after he once again refuses to hold their hands in public, showing yet again how much she rejects dishonesty. Dimmesdale refers to Pearl as an elf which is defined as, â€Å"one of a class of preternatural beings, especially from mountainous regions, with magical powers, given to capricious and often mischievous interference in human affairs, and usually imagined to be a diminutive being in human form†. This parallels to Pearl’s character very well because she is very capricious, her mood often changes very quickly and she can be really unpredictable also throughout the book she seems to be meddling in the affairs of Dimmesdale and Hester by not allowing them to live in secrecy. When Dimmesdale says Hester can never meet Pearl again it shows a strong divide between Hester and Pearl as Pearl is still very innocent and pure while her mother is conveyed as a sinner, similar to the way Christians in the bible view sin as a wall between a person and God. Hawthorne says later in the chapter that the separation was the fault of Hester not the fault of Pearl meaning that it was because of Hester’s transgression that the divide happened not because of anything Pearl did. This shows that Hawthorne believes that sin separates people and that doing something wrong to a person can damage the relationship. This moment shows how Dimmesdale doesn’t want to tell the truth; he wants to be in a loving relationship with Hester but doesn’t want to deal with the sin that they shared. At the moment Hester is carrying the full load of their punishment while Dimmesdale claims he is suffering however he has not had to face the scrutiny of the town the way Hester has. Dimmesdale is asking Pearl to join him in his deceitfulness however she is doing what her mother is not doing by refusing to love and accept Dimmesdale until he reveals his truth and has to deal with the punishment that Hester had to deal with. Overall Hawthorne uses this quote as imagery of the brook and a simile of the separation of the worlds of sin and truth and also uses this to characterize Dimmesdale as a dishonest person. â€Å"‘I have a strange fancy,’ observed the sensitive minister, ‘that this brook is the boundary between two worlds, and that thou canst never meet thy Pearl again. Or is she an elfish spirit, who, as the legends of our childhood taught us, is forbidden to cross a running stream? Pray hasten her; for this delay has already imparted a tremor to my nerves. ’† (pg. 188) How to cite The Scarlet Letter: Passage Explication, Papers

Solar Energy free essay sample

A new solar powered adsorption refrigerator with high performance Meunier published a comparison of those three sorption systems for solar cooling (Meunier, 1994). The solid–gas system used in the present study is adsorption. The solar adsorption refrigerators have been developed mainly to be used in hot regions with no electricity supply. There is an urgent need in the health sector (for the conservation of medicines and vaccines). These systems have the advantage of not requiring any energy other than solar energy. Nomenclature COP Cp G H L m n P Q A T t coe? cient of performance [–] speci? c heat [J kgA1 KA1 ] global irradiance [W mA2 ] global irradiation [J] evaporation latent heat for water [J kgA1 ] mass [kg] number [–] pressure [Pa] heat quantity [J] area [m2 ] temperature [K] time [s] d e fs h l L m N R S tl w day evaporator collector front side solar heat supply load liquid maximum net rough solar thermal losses (of the cabinet) water Indexes c condenser Guilleminot, 1986; Pralon Ferreira-Leite and Daguenet, 2000) using either a chemical reaction or adsorption, follow an alternative cycle of heating/cooling, also known as ‘intermittent’, the period of which corresponds to the alternation of day and night. Regarding performance, the highest values of COPSR (0. 10–0. 12) were obtained with the adsorption systems zeolite + water (Grenier et al. , 1988) and activated carbon + methanol (Boubakri et al. , 1992a,b; Pons and Grenier, 1987). As methanol can easily evaporate at temperatures below 0 Â °C, thus favouring the production of ice, the most environmentally friendly refrigerant must be water. Using water, ice can be produced within the evaporator, acting as a ‘cold storage’. Both refrigerants, water or methanol, operate at below atmospheric pressure and therefore require vacuum technology. The main purpose of the present study is to obtain better performances than those reported above, with what is, technically speaking, a simple machine. This aim seems reasonably achievable with an adsorptive machine, operated in a 100% solar-powered 24 h cycle with a ? at-plate solar collector containing the adsorbent. However, when referring to the work reported above, both the e? ciency of the solar collector and that of the adsorption thermodynamic cycle could be improved. These requirements were crucial to the design of the ‘advanced’ machine. The laboratory of solar energy of the Engineering school of the Canton de Vaud (EIVD, Yverdon-lesBains, Switzerland) has been developing adsorptive solar refrigerators since 1999. The ? rst systems built used the adsorption pair of activated carbon + methanol. For reasons of reliability and respect for the environment, this pair has been abandoned in favour of a silicagel + water pair. The prototype described and analyzed in this paper has been functioning since the summer of 2000 on the site of the EIVD. A thorough measurement system allows us to characterise it in a complete way. During the summer of 2001, a constant procedure of thermal load in the cold cabinet allowed us to observe the behaviour of the adsorption system over a continuous period of 68 days. We have highlighted the great in? uence of both external temperature and daily irradiation upon the daily coe? cient of performance (COPSR ). Previously, few articles were interested in the analysis of the storage. 2. Description of adsorption and of the adsorption cooling cycle Adsorption, also known as physisorption, is the process by which molecules of a ? uid are ? xed on the walls of a solid material. The adsorbed molecules undergo no chemical reaction but simply lose energy when being ? xed: adsorption, the phase change from ? uid to adsorbate (adsorbed phase) is exothermic. Moreover this process is reversible. In the following, we will focus on adsorption systems mainly used in cooling (or heatpumping) machines: a pure refrigerant vapour that can easily be condensed at ambient temperature and a microporous adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity. The main components of an adsorptive cooling machine are the adsorber (in the present case, the solar collector itself), the condenser, the evaporator and a throttling valve between the last two devices, see Fig. 2. An ideal cycle is presented in the Dâ‚ ¬hring diagram (LnP u vs. A1=T ), Fig. 1. The cycle is explained in detail in (Buchter et al. , 2001). We can summarize it in four stages. C. Hildbrand et al. / Solar Energy 77 (2004) 311–318 313 Fig. 1. An ideal adsorption cooling cycle in the Dâ‚ ¬ hring diau gram. Saturation liquid-vapour curve for the refrigerant (EC dashed line), isoster curves (thin lines), adsorption cycle (thick lines). Heating period: step AB (7 a. m. ? 10 a. m. ) and step BD (10 a. m. ? 4 p. m. ); cooling period: step DF (4 p. m. ? 7 p. m. ) and step FA (7 p. m. ? 7 a. m. ). Step 1: isosteric heating ? A ! B?. The system temperature and pressure increase due to solar irradiance. Step 2: desorption + condensation ? B ! D?. Desorption of the water steam contained in the silicagel; condensation of the water steam in the condenser; the water in the evaporator is drained through the valve. Step 3: isosteric cooling ? D ! F?. Decrease of the period of sunshine; cooling of the adsorber; decrease of the pressure and the temperature in the system. Step 4: adsorption + evaporation ? F ! A?. Evaporation of water contained in the evaporator; cooling of the cold cabinet; production of ice in the evaporator; readsorption of water steam by the silicagel. 3. Description of the machine tested in Yverdon-les-Bains, Switzerland Adsorptive pair. The refrigerant is water, and the adsorbent is a microporous silicagel (Actigel SGa , Silgelac). Collector–adsorber. The solar collector (2 m2 , tilt angle of 30Â °) is double-glazed: a Te? ona ? lm is installed between the glass and the adsorber itself. The adsorber consists of 12 parallel tubes (72. 5 mm in diameter) that contain the silicagel (78. 8 kg). The tubes are covered with an electrolytic selective layer (Chrome-black, Energie Solaire SA), which absorbs 95% of the visible solar radiation while presenting an emissivity of 0. 07 in the infrared wave-lengths. The tubes are layered with a material which presents high conductivity but low speci? c heat capacity (sheets of graphite: Papyexa , Le Carbone Lorraine). A central tube is made out of a grid (diameter 15 mm, mesh 1 mm, wire 0. 45 mm diameter). The ventilation dampers mentioned in the previous sections consist of a Fig. 2. Photograph and plan of an adsorptive solar refrigerator: solar collector–adsorber (1) with detail: glass cover (A), Te? ona ? lm (B), tube covered with selective surface (C) and internally layered with Papyexa , central tube for vapour transport (D), silicagel bed (E), thermal insulation around the collector (F); ventilation dampers (2) closed (2a) and open (2b), condenser(3), cold cabinet (4), graduated tank (5), valve (6), evaporator and ice storage (7). mechanism that allows the thermal insulation to be opened on the rear side of the collector (50 mm glass ?bre), to provide e? cient cooling by natural convection during the night. Condenser. Eight parallel ? nned tubes make a condenser, and are cooled by natural convection of air. The total ? n area is 6. 9 m2 . Evaporator, ice storage and cold cabinet. The evaporator consists of three rings made of square tubes. The total heat exchange area is 3. 4 m2 The evaporator contains 40 l of water which can be transformed into ice during the evaporation stage. The cold cabinet is chesttype and is well insulated (170 mm of expanded polystyrene) with an internal volume of 320 l. 314 C. Hildbrand et al. / Solar Energy 77 (2004) 311–318 Valve. A valve located between the graduated tank and the evaporator is needed on this machine. For control strategy reasons, this valve is electrically powered. 4. 5. Ventilation damper management Closing: when the irradiance goes above 100 W/m2 . Opening: at the end of the afternoon when the angle of the solar beam radiation incident upon the aperture plane of collector (angle of incidence) is above 50Â °. 4. Measurements and operations The objective of the 2001 series of measurements was to obtain a high number of measurements continuously, in order to characterise the working of our adsorption machine. To do this, a system of measurement and a constant procedure of load has been established. 4. 1. Measurements The temperature is measured (probes Pt100) in the silicagel of a central tube of the collector–adsorber (7 sensors), on two condenser tubes and three evaporator tubes; and the ambient air temperature is also measured. The vapour pressure is measured by a piezogauge in the collector-adsorber, in the condenser and in the evaporator. The global irradiance in the plane of the collector is recorded by a pyranometer. A graduated tank (6. 5 l) collects the condensed water. The level of liquid water is automatically measured by a level detector. 5. Meteorological conditions The series of measurements took place from July 25th to September 30th 2001 (68 days) in Yverdon-lesBains (altitude: 433 m, longitude: )6. 38Â °, latitude: 46. 47Â °). Fig. 3 shows the observed weather conditions (daily irradiation and mean external temperature). This graph shows two di? erent periods: (1) From July 25th to the beginning of September: during this summer period, the mean external temperature is above 20 Â °C and the mean daily irradiation reaches 22 MJ/m2 . This ? ne weather period is interrupted between the 3rd and 9th August by less favourable weather. (2) From the beginning of September to the end of the measurement: the mean external temperature and the daily irradiation are distinctly lower (13 Â °C and 13 MJ/m2 ). Furthermore, the conditions are very variable from one day to the next. 4. 2. Acquisition system and command 6. Performance of the tested unit A Labviewa program takes measurements and administers various commands (valve, dampers and load). A measurement is made every 30 s. For each day, a gross solar COPSR can be de? ned as the ratio of the heat extracted by evaporation of water to the solar heat supply, see equation (1). The ? rst one, Qe , is obtained by multiplying the mass of processed water, mL , by the enthalpy di? erence between the saturated vapour at Te and the saturated liquid at Tc The second one, Qh , is the product of the surface A of collector and the solar irradiation obtained by integrating the solar irradiance G from sunrise to sunset. This yields the following

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle

Question: Discuss about the Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on Lifestyle. Answer: Introduction: The internal factors that are affecting the physical condition of William are stress due to post traumatic disorder, unconsciousness level, increased alcohol level in blood and his injury on his forehead that can result in severe pain. These internal factors have the contributory effects in making him aggressive and confused. The external factors that are contributory to the condition of William are drunken driving, rash driving, disobeying the traffic rules and ignorance of the measures of personal safety (McLean et al. 2014). A significant brain injury can result in a decline in the consciousness level after six hours of admission and the ratings of the Glasgow coma scale can be beneficial for recording the responsiveness of William. The stage of unconsciousness will end with the opening of the eyes of William. The duration, peak and onset of alcohol in the blood of William will determine the intensity of brain injury and weather he has entered the stage of coma (Cassidy, Boyle and Carroll 2014). The specific diagnostic tests for William will be computerized tomography scan that will provide a comprehensive picture of his brain with the application of a sequence of x-rays (Fernndez-Espejo and Owen 2013). CT scans can be beneficial for revealing the presence of contusions, tissue swelling, hematomas and hemorrhage. Two of the specific healthcare professionals who will be required in the process of care of William in the settings of a hospital are a neurologist and a neurosurgeon. Neurologists in consultation with the general physician will take care of the brain and nerves and the neurosurgeon will stop the bleeding in the brain by surgical intervention. The caring for an old Buddhist woman who refuses to accept pharmacological interventions would require the consideration of the ethical issues that are followed in the process of end life palliative care for providing her relief in a way that is morally suitable. The religious beliefs of the woman have to be considered during the decision making process and alternatives to the pharmacological interventions have to be selected according to the Buddhist norms (Morgan and White 2015). In no way, it should hurt the sentiments of the patient while providing nursing care. The on-duty medical officer present in the ward can be of help of the enrolled nurses for seeking advice to provide her with comfort and relieve the pain following the organizational procedures and policies. The regulatory guidelines have to be referred to such circumstances and the legal advisory committee can also be consulted to know the procedures of administration of pharmacological interventions if required. Medication free death has been the wish of the patient but pain relieving responsibilities also lies with the nurses which can result in an ethical conflict. Nonpharmacological treatment procedures for the Buddhist woman can include massage, biofield therapy, complementary therapy and art therapy. Acute pain can be relieved with biofield therapy that includes Reiki and healing touch (Whellan et al. 2014). Stimulation of the spinal cord also has pain relieving abilities that can be associated with massages. Stimulation of the spinal cord is done with the application of electrodes near to the spinal cord and discharging electrical signals for stimulating the release of endorphins. They are the natural painkillers in the body that reduce pain without any pharmacological intervention. The symptoms of Tom are caused by the problems that involve complications of the heart or cardiovascular pathology. The pathophysiology of the chest pain of Tom can be attributed to the condition of congestive heart failure. There is a correlation of pathophysiology between the swelling of his ankles and feet and his chest pain. The swelling is because of the accumulation of fluid in his body due to decreased blood flow from the heart resulting in the venous return of the blood (Roffi et al. 2015). This is causing fluid accumulation in the lower limbs of Tom and is related to the disorder of the heart. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is the procedure to record the electrical activities of the heart over duration by the application of electrodes that are placed over the skin. It is a common form of cardiology test that works by the detection of the minute electrical changes that are present on the skin due to the electrophysiologic pattern of the depolarization process rising with every heartbeat. Conduction abnormalities, heart rhythm, heart rate and abnormal disturbances of the cardiac rhythm can be detected with ECG. ST segment depression is an abnormal condition as it indicates myocardial infarction occurring due to the lack of coronary blood supply to the heart. The two health professionals required for the care process of Tom will involve a cardiologist and a registered nurse. The treatment recommendations will be provided by the cardiologist after examining the condition of the heart and the diagnosis report (Mahler et al. 2013). The registered nurse will monitor the heart condition and administer the medications required by Tom as prescribed by the cardiologist. 1a. Smoking can have severe implications on the coronary artery disease of Tom from which he is suffering as the chemicals present in the smoking tobacco harms the blood cells that eventually damages the functioning of the function and structure of the heart and the blood vessels. Plaques tend to build up in the coronary arteries that lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, heart attack and even death and smoking aggravates these conditions in the patients with coronary artery disease (Lee et al. 2016). Action Plan commenced 02.04.2015 Objective (What do you hope to achieve?) Activities (What activities could help in achieving the objective) Anticipated outcomes (What is the expected outcome of the activities?) Timeline (What is the expected timeline?) Resources (What resource(s) will you need to achieve your objective?) WHS (What workplace health and safety (WHS) are required?) Cessation of cigarette smoking of Tom Nicotine replacement patches Complete cessation of smoking by Tom 1 month Transdermal system patches of nicotine, user guide and safety information The treatment cost will be subsidized by the quit smoking assistance program to promote quitting activities during work time Action Plan review date: 20.04.2015 Objective (What do you hope to achieve?) Activities (What activities could help in achieving the objective) Anticipated outcomes (What is the expected outcome of the activities?) Timeline (What is the expected timeline?) Resources (What resource(s) will you need to achieve your objective?) WHS (What workplace health and safety (WHS) are required?) Stop the smoking habit of Tom Nicotine gum Complete cessation of smoking by Tom with improved condition of his coronary heart disease 1 month Nicotine gums of required strength and user guide Quit smoking is encouraged by providing nicotine gums to the employees for a happy and healthy workforce and a clean and safe workplace for all References Cassidy, J.D., Boyle, E. and Carroll, L.J., 2014. Population-based, inception cohort study of the incidence, course, and prognosis of mild traumatic brain injury after motor vehicle collisions.Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation,95(3), pp.S278-S285. Fernndez-Espejo, D. and Owen, A.M., 2013. Detecting awareness after severe brain injury.Nature Reviews Neuroscience,14(11), pp.801-809. Lee, W.W., Choi, K.C., Yum, R.W., Doris, S.F. and Chair, S.Y., 2016. Effectiveness of motivational interviewing on lifestyle modification and health outcomes of clients at risk or diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases: A systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,53, pp.331-341. Mahler, S.A., Miller, C.D., Hollander, J.E., Nagurney, J.T., Birkhahn, R., Singer, A.J., Shapiro, N.I., Glynn, T., Nowak, R., Safdar, B. and Peberdy, M., 2013. Identifying patients for early discharge: performance of decision rules among patients with acute chest pain.International journal of cardiology,168(2), pp.795-802. McLean, S.A., Ulirsch, J.C., Slade, G.D., Soward, A.C., Swor, R.A., Peak, D.A., Jones, J.S., Rathlev, N.K., Lee, D.C., Domeier, R.M. and Hendry, P.L., 2014. Incidence and predictors of neck and widespread pain after motor vehicle collision among US litigants and nonlitigants.PAIN,155(2), pp.309-321. Morgan, D.D. and White, K.M., 2015. Enabling Participation in Meaningful and Essential Occupations in End-of-Life Care. InInternational Handbook of Occupational Therapy Interventions(pp. 787-796). Springer International Publishing. Roffi, M., Patrono, C., Collet, J.P., Mueller, C., Valgimigli, M., Andreotti, F., Bax, J.J., Borger, M.A., Brotons, C., Chew, D.P. and Gencer, B., 2015. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes in patients presenting without persistent ST-segment elevation.European heart journal, p.ehv320. Whellan, D.J., Goodlin, S.J., Dickinson, M.G., Heidenreich, P.A., Jaenicke, C., Stough, W.G., Rich, M.W., Quality of Care Committee and Heart Failure Society of America, 2014. End-of-life care in patients with heart failure.Journal of cardiac failure,20(2), pp.121-134.